binarni

Binarni is the term used in several languages for the binary numeral system, base-2. In this system only two symbols, typically 0 and 1, are used to represent numbers and other data. Binarni representations form the foundation of digital information in computing and electronics, where each digit is a bit (binary digit).

In base-2, the value of a number is determined by the sum of powers of two corresponding to the positions of 1s. For example, the binary 1011 equals decimal 11 (8 + 0 + 2 + 1). Bits are often grouped into larger units, such as 4-bit nibbles or 8-bit bytes, to encode integers, characters, and other data. Negative numbers are typically represented using schemes such as two's complement in common computer architectures. Text characters are encoded with binary schemes such as ASCII or Unicode, which assign binary codes to letters and symbols.

History and development: The concept of a two-symbol numeral system was explored in the 17th century by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who linked binary notation to philosophical ideas. The practical use of binary emerged in the 20th century with digital electronics and computer science, where binary logic underpins circuit design and data processing.

Applications: Binarni is central to digital logic, Boolean algebra, and computer architecture. Transistors operate as on/off switches, corresponding to 1 and 0, enabling computation, memory, and data transmission. Binary representations are used in almost all modern computing, networking, and data storage systems.