berulang

Berulang is an Indonesian verb meaning to recur, to happen again, or to repeat. It is formed with the prefix ber- attached to the root ulang, which conveys repetition or return. The construction is typically intransitive, describing that an event or state occurs again rather than someone performing an action on an object. The related transitive verb mengulang means to repeat something or to rehearse.

The noun pengulangan denotes the act of repetition or recurrence. The adverbial forms berulang kali and berulang-ulang are common: berulang kali means “many times,” while berulang-ulang emphasizes repeated recurrence. The passive form terulang means “to be repeated” or “to occur again,” focusing on the event rather than the agent.

Usage and nuances: berulang is used to describe events, patterns, or states that occur again without a deliberate action by a person. It contrasts with mengulang, which takes a direct object and indicates repeating something specific, such as mengulang kalimat (repeating a sentence) or mengulang pelajaran (revising a lesson). In everyday language and formal writing, berulang appears in discussions of cycles, trends, or recurring situations, such as kejadian berulang setiap tahun or pola berulang dalam data.

Overall, berulang conveys recurrence and repetition in an intransitive sense, with related forms to express emphasis, frequency, or intentional repetition.