berbagai

Berbagai is an Indonesian adjective meaning "various" or "diverse." It is used to indicate a range of different items, kinds, or types and commonly precedes a noun, as in berbagai negara (various countries) or berbagai pendapat (various opinions). It is often expanded with phrases such as berbagai macam or berbagai ragam to reinforce the sense of breadth, for example, berbagai macam buah-buahan or berbagai ragam budaya.

The term is formed with the prefix ber- attached to the root bagi/bagai, which carries notions related to similarity or variety, producing a sense of multiplicity. Berbagai is widely used in both formal and informal Indonesian and appears in journalism, academic writing, and everyday prose. In dictionaries, it is listed as a general descriptor of plurality without implying a value judgment.

Common synonyms include beraneka, bermacam-macam, and beragam, which can be used in similar contexts. The word is suitable for describing a spectrum of items, ideas, places, or actors drawn from different sources or contexts, and its neutral tone makes it a versatile device for introducing lists or inventories.

Examples:

Berbagai negara menghadiri konferensi tersebut.

Berbagai pendapat muncul dalam debat publik.