benzylalcohol

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic primary alcohol with the chemical formula C7H8O. Its IUPAC name is benzyl alcohol and it is also called phenylmethyl alcohol. Structurally, it consists of a benzene ring bearing a CH2OH substituent. It is a colorless, viscous liquid with a mild, distinctive odor and a relatively high boiling point for an alcohol.

Industrially, benzyl alcohol is produced by hydrogenation of benzaldehyde or by hydrogenolysis of benzyl halides. It also occurs in trace amounts in some essential oils and is obtained as a byproduct in various chemical processes. In commerce it is widely used as a solvent and reaction medium, notably in coatings, inks, perfumes, lacquer thinners, and pharmaceutical formulations.

Applications and uses are diverse. It serves as a stabilizer and preservative in pharmaceutical solutions, including certain injectable products and vaccines, where it helps prevent microbial growth. It is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and benzyl chloride, as well as a fragrance component and flavoring agent in small amounts. In cosmetic and personal care products, it acts as a solvent and fragrance ingredient.

Chemical properties and reactions: benzyl alcohol can be oxidized to benzaldehyde and further to benzoic acid. It is relatively non-volatile and flammable, and like many organic solvents it can irritate skin and eyes. Safety considerations include limited tolerance in neonates when used as a preservative in injectable medicines, where exposure can be hazardous; proper handling and ventilation are important.

Environmental and regulatory notes: benzyl alcohol is subject to typical solvent safety and handling regulations. It is generally biodegradable and should be managed to avoid release to aquatic environments.