benzoátok

Benzoátok are salts or esters of benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH. Benzoates are commonly used as preservatives in food and cosmetics due to their antimicrobial properties, particularly against yeasts and molds. Sodium benzoate is one of the most widely used benzoate salts in food preservation. It is effective in acidic conditions and is often found in carbonated drinks, fruit juices, jams, and pickles. Potassium benzoate and calcium benzoate are also used as preservatives, though less commonly than sodium benzoate.

In the form of esters, benzoates are often used as plasticizers, fragrances, and solvents. For example, benzyl benzoate is used as a medication to treat scabies and lice, and also as a plasticizer and solvent. Ethyl benzoate and methyl benzoate are used in perfumes and as flavoring agents. The properties of benzoate esters vary depending on the alcohol group attached to the benzoate moiety. Some esters are volatile and contribute to the aroma of fruits.

Benzoates are generally considered safe for consumption at typical usage levels. However, in certain conditions, sodium benzoate can react with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to form benzene, a known carcinogen. This reaction is more likely to occur in beverages stored at high temperatures or exposed to light. Food manufacturers often take steps to minimize this risk, such as using antioxidants or limiting the concentration of benzoate and vitamin C. Regulatory bodies in different countries set limits on the maximum allowable concentration of benzoates in food products.