benzenesulfonihappo

Benzenesulfonic acid is an organosulfur compound consisting of a benzene ring bearing a single sulfonic acid group (–SO3H). Its chemical formula is C6H6O3S. The compound is typically encountered as the free acid or as various salts, most commonly sodium benzenesulfonate. It is a strong organic acid and is highly water-soluble.

Industrial production of benzenesulfonic acid generally proceeds via sulfonation of benzene with sulfuric acid, followed by isolation of the acid or its salts. An alternative route involves chlorosulfonic acid to form benzene sulfonyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed to the sulfonic acid. The acid can be converted to a range of derivatives and salts used in different chemical applications.

Properties include solid, crystalline appearance at room temperature, high solubility in water, and strong acidic behavior with dissociation in water. As a strong organic acid, it is more acidic than many carboxylic acids and is commonly used in aqueous and some organic media when a non-volatile, water-compatible acid is required. Benzenesulfonic acid serves as a precursor to sulfonate esters and related compounds and is a basis for the production of detergents, dyes, and pharmaceutical intermediates. The sodium salt, sodium benzenesulfonate, is widely used as a water-soluble surfactant and a chemical intermediate.

Safety and handling: benzenesulfonic acid is corrosive and can cause severe skin and eye irritation. It should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment, in a well-ventilated area, away from bases and reactive metals. Proper storage and disposal procedures should be followed in accordance with applicable regulations.