beardtongue

Beardtongue is the common name for plants in the genus Penstemon, a group of flowering perennials in the family Plantaginaceae. The genus name refers to five stamens, one of which is often bearded with hairs, a feature that gives this plant its characteristic name. Penstemon comprises roughly 250 species native to North America, with the greatest diversity in western regions.

Beardtongue species are typically herbaceous perennials with erect stems and opposite leaves. They produce terminal racemes or panicles of tubular flowers, usually 1–3 cm long, often two-lipped and brightly colored in hues such as blue, purple, pink, red, or white. Flowers attract a variety of pollinators, including bees and hummingbirds. Bloom times vary by species and climate, but many varieties flower from late spring to summer.

Distribution and habitat preferences: Beardtongue is native primarily to temperate North America, ranging from Alaska and Canada through the western United States to parts of Mexico. They favor well-drained soils, full sun, and moderate drought; many tolerate drought well once established, though some species prefer cooler root zones or partial shade in hot climates.

Cultivation and care: Plant in well-drained soil with plenty of sun. Avoid overly rich or continuously wet soils. Water sufficiently to establish roots, then allow drought conditions to reduce irrigation needs. Many cultivars are short-lived; deadheading can extend flowering, and taller forms may require staking. Dividing plants every few years helps maintain vigor.

Propagation: Penstemon can be propagated by seed or by cuttings and division. Seeds may require stratification for some species.

Use in gardens: Beardtongue is valued for its long-lasting flowers, attractive form, and its appeal to pollinators, making it a common choice in borders, native plant gardens, and wildlife-friendly landscapes.

Notable species frequently grown in cultivation include Penstemon digitalis (white beardtongue) and several blue- or purple-flowered forms of other species.