batérii

Batteries are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. They are commonly used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Batteries consist of one or more electrochemical cells, each containing an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. When a battery is discharging, electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, generating electrical energy. This process is reversed when the battery is charging, where an external power source forces electrons back into the anode.

There are several types of batteries, each with its own unique characteristics and applications. Primary batteries, also known as non-rechargeable batteries, are designed for single-use and cannot be recharged. Examples include alkaline batteries and zinc-carbon batteries. Secondary batteries, or rechargeable batteries, can be recharged multiple times and are commonly used in devices like smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles. Examples include lithium-ion batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and lead-acid batteries.

Batteries are typically rated by their capacity, which is measured in ampere-hours (Ah) or watt-hours (Wh). The capacity indicates how much energy a battery can store and deliver. Other important factors to consider when choosing a battery include its voltage, energy density, lifespan, and environmental impact. Advances in battery technology continue to improve the performance, safety, and sustainability of batteries for various applications.