basaltivormid

Basaltivormid is a term used in geology to describe specific volcanic landforms composed of basalt. These formations are characterized by their dark, fine-grained igneous rock, which is rich in plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Basaltic lava flows tend to be less viscous than other types of lava, allowing them to spread over large areas and create extensive plains, shields, or plateaus.

Examples of basaltivormid include shield volcanoes, which are broad, gently sloping mountains built by successive eruptions of fluid basaltic lava. Mauna Loa in Hawaii is a prime example of a massive shield volcano. Flood basalt provinces, such as the Deccan Traps in India or the Columbia River Basalts in North America, are another significant type of basaltivormid. These are vast regions covered by enormous volumes of basaltic lava erupted over extended periods, often creating layered landscapes of immense scale. Pillow basalts are also considered a type of basaltivormid, formed when basaltic lava erupts underwater. Their characteristic rounded, pillow-like shapes result from the rapid cooling and solidification of the lava in contact with water. The formation and characteristics of basaltivormid are directly linked to the chemical composition and eruptive style of basaltic volcanism.