bagaman

Bagaman is a concessive conjunction used in Filipino (Tagalog) to express a contrast or concession between two clauses. It functions similarly to English "although" or "even though" and introduces a subordinate clause that qualifies or counters the main clause. In sentences, bagaman can appear at the start of the concessive clause or after the main clause, depending on emphasis and style. It is common in both formal writing and spoken Filipino, though it is often perceived as more literary or formal than everyday alternatives.

In usage, bagaman is frequently interchangeable with other concessive forms such as bagamat or kahit na, but each carries a slightly different tone. Bagaman tends to be more formal or literary, while kahit na is widely used in spoken language. Bagamat is another related form that can be used in similar contexts, sometimes with a slightly stronger emphasis on contrast.

Syntax and punctuation: When used, bagaman introduces a complete clause with its own subject and predicate. A comma typically separates the concessive clause from the main clause in written Filipino, though punctuation choices can vary with rhythm and emphasis.

Examples:

- Bagaman umuulan, nagpasyang maglakad si Maria. (Although it is raining, Maria decided to walk.)

- Bagaman mabagal ang pag-unlad niya, patuloy siyang nagsusumikap. (Even though her progress is slow, she continues to strive.)

See also: bagamat, kahit, subalit, Filipino grammar.