bacilles

Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria are often found in soil, water, and dust, and some species are common inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. The genus Bacillus is characterized by its ability to form endospores, which are highly resistant, dormant structures that allow the bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions such as heat, desiccation, radiation, and disinfectants. This spore-forming ability is a key feature that distinguishes Bacillus from many other bacterial genera.

Many species within the Bacillus genus are aerobic or facultative anaerobic, meaning they can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. Their metabolic capabilities vary, with some being saprophytic, feeding on decaying organic matter, while others are pathogenic or beneficial to humans and other organisms. For instance, Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a serious infectious disease. Conversely, Bacillus subtilis is widely used as a probiotic and in the industrial production of enzymes and antibiotics. Other species, like Bacillus cereus, can cause food poisoning. The study of Bacillus species is important for understanding microbial ecology, industrial biotechnology, and the development of new antimicrobial agents.