axelrotation

Axel rotation refers to a figure skating jump distinguished by its forward takeoff. The skater launches into the air from the forward outside edge of one skate and rotates in the air before landing backward on the opposite skate. The name "Axel" comes from its inventor, Norwegian figure skater Axel Paulsen, who first performed it in competition in 1882.

The Axel jump is unique because it is the only jump with a forward takeoff, requiring an extra half rotation compared to other jumps with similar names. This means a single Axel involves one and a half rotations, a double Axel two and a half, and a triple Axel three and a half. The number of rotations is always a half integer due to the forward takeoff.

Executing an Axel jump requires significant skill and athleticism. The forward takeoff demands precise edge control and timing, while the in-air rotation, especially for doubles and triples, necessitates exceptional core strength, speed, and air sense. The landing must be controlled and balanced on a backward outside edge.

Due to its complexity, the Axel is often considered the most challenging jump in figure skating. While the single Axel is a fundamental element, mastering the double and triple Axel is a significant achievement and a hallmark of advanced skaters. The quadruple Axel, involving four and a half rotations, remains the most difficult jump attempted and has only been landed successfully by a very small number of elite skaters.