avvocato

Avvocato is the Italian term for a licensed legal professional who represents clients in judicial proceedings and provides legal advice. In Italian-speaking jurisdictions such as Italy and the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, the avvocato is a regulated profession with the authority to practice before courts.

Etymology and scope: the word derives from the Latin advocatus, meaning “one called to help.” In Italy, the avvocato is distinct from other legal professions such as notaries and prosecutors, and is authorized to plead before all levels of court and to draft legal documents on behalf of clients.

Training and professional status in Italy: becoming an avvocato requires earning a law degree (Laurea in Giurisprudenza, now Laurea Magistrale in Giurisprudenza), completing a period of practical training (la pratica forense) typically under supervision, and passing the state examination for professional qualification (esame di abilitazione all'esercizio della professione forense). After successful completion, the individual must register with the local Ordine degli Avvocati and is overseen nationally by the Consiglio Nazionale Forense (CNF).

Roles and functions: avvocati provide legal counsel, draft and file pleadings, and represent clients in civil, criminal, administrative, and commercial matters. They may specialize in areas such as civil law (civilista) or criminal law (penalista). In Italy, only avvocati can appear in court on behalf of clients; other professionals handle related tasks, such as notaries in civil acts and other regulatory roles.

International presence: the term is used in several Italian-speaking jurisdictions, with similar professional status, though specific requirements and regulations may vary by country or canton.