atex

ATEX is the designation commonly used for the European framework governing equipment and workplaces in potentially explosive atmospheres. It covers two main directives: Directive 2014/34/EU, often referred to as ATEX 95, which sets requirements for equipment and protective systems intended for use in explosive atmospheres; and Directive 1999/92/EC, known as ATEX 137, which addresses minimum safety and health requirements for workers likely to be exposed to explosive atmospheres. The directives aim to harmonize safety rules across the European Union and rely on CE marking to indicate conformity with the essential health and safety requirements.

The ATEX framework uses a zone classification system to describe where explosive atmospheres may occur. For gas or vapor, zones are Zone 0 (continuous or long-duration), Zone 1 (likely to occur in normal operation), and Zone 2 (not likely and for a short period). For dust, zones are Zone 20, Zone 21, and Zone 22 with similar concepts. Equipment and protective systems are assigned categories based on where they are used: Category 1 for the most hazardous zones, Category 2 for less critical zones, and Category 3 for the least hazardous zones. This categorization guides the selection of equipment protection methods such as intrinsic safety, flameproof enclosures, or dust ignition protection.

Conformity assessment under ATEX is performed by Notified Bodies and relies on harmonized EU standards, primarily in the EN 60079 series for electrical apparatus and related protection methods. Manufacturers must ensure appropriate design, testing, and documentation, while employers are responsible for conducting risk assessments, classifying zones, and implementing protective measures and training. ATEX is related to, but distinct from, international schemes like IECEx, which address similar safety goals on a global scale.