aterosclerotic

Atherosclerotic refers to a condition characterized by atherosclerosis, a progressive disease affecting the arteries. This disease involves the buildup of plaque, a fatty substance, on the inner walls of the arteries. The plaque is composed of cholesterol, fats, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. As plaque accumulates, it hardens and narrows the arteries, a process known as hardening of the arteries. This narrowing restricts blood flow to vital organs such as the heart and brain.

The development of atherosclerosis is a slow process that can begin in childhood and continue for decades. It is influenced by various risk factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. A family history of heart disease also increases an individual's risk.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis typically do not appear until the arteries are significantly narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow. Depending on the affected artery, symptoms can manifest as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, leg pain during exercise (claudication), or stroke-like symptoms. Severe blockage can lead to heart attack or stroke, which are medical emergencies. Diagnosis often involves physical examination, medical history, blood tests, and imaging techniques like angiography. Treatment strategies focus on managing risk factors, lifestyle modifications, and medications to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to restore blood flow.