aseptik

Aseptik, or asepsis, is the state of being free from viable microorganisms that can cause infection. In healthcare, laboratory work and some manufacturing processes, aseptic technique refers to a set of practices designed to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into sterile environments, equipment, or tissues, and to prevent the spread of contaminants.

Core elements of aseptic technique include strict hand hygiene, the use of sterile gloves and protective clothing, preparing skin with appropriate antiseptics, sterilization or high-level disinfection of instruments (such as autoclaving or chemical sterilants), cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, and the maintenance of a sterile field during procedures. Any breach, such as a torn glove or contaminated instrument, necessitates corrective action to restore asepsis.

Asepsis is distinct from antisepsis. Asepsis denotes the absence of viable microorganisms, whereas antisepsis refers to methods applied to living tissue to reduce or destroy microorganisms. Related concepts include disinfection and sterilization, where sterilization eliminates all forms of microbial life (including spores), and disinfection reduces microbial load to safe levels.

Applications of aseptic technique span clinical procedures (injections, wound care, surgery), microbiology and cell culture work, and the production of sterile medicines and medical devices, as well as certain food and beverage processes where contamination must be avoided. The concept has evolved through advances in germ theory and surgical practice, emphasizing the prevention of contamination to reduce infection risk.