arylarsonic

An arsenical is an organoarsenic compound containing at least one carbon-arsenic bond. These compounds have a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals and pesticides to wood preservatives. The properties and toxicity of arsenicals vary greatly depending on the specific structure of the molecule.

Historically, arsenicals have been used as medicines. For example, arsphenamine, developed by Paul Ehrlich, was one of the first effective treatments for syphilis. Other arsenical drugs have been used for parasitic infections. However, due to the toxicity of arsenic, many of these medicinal applications have been superseded by safer alternatives.

In agriculture, arsenicals have found use as herbicides and pesticides. They were effective in controlling weeds and insects, but their environmental persistence and toxicity have led to significant restrictions and bans in many countries. Wood preservatives also utilized arsenicals to protect timber from decay and insect infestation.

The arsenic atom in an arsenical can exist in different oxidation states, most commonly as trivalent (As(III)) or pentavalent (As(V)). The carbon-arsenic bond is generally covalent. The toxicity of arsenicals is a major concern. Arsenic is a known carcinogen and can cause a variety of adverse health effects, including neurological damage, skin lesions, and cardiovascular problems. The specific mechanism of toxicity often involves interference with cellular processes by the arsenic atom. Due to these risks, the use of many arsenicals is now heavily regulated.