arboviruksia

Arbovirukset is a term used to describe a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. These viruses can cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to severe neurological conditions and hemorrhagic fevers. The term "arbovirus" is derived from "arthropod-borne virus."

The lifecycle of arboviruses typically involves a period of replication within the arthropod vector. When an infected arthropod bites a vertebrate host, it injects the virus into the host's bloodstream. From there, the virus can spread to various tissues and organs, causing disease. Some arboviruses are zoonotic, meaning they circulate primarily between animals, with humans becoming infected through incidental exposure.

Examples of well-known arboviruses include dengue virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, chikungunya virus, and various encephalitis viruses like Japanese encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus. The geographical distribution of arboviruses is often linked to the presence and activity of their specific arthropod vectors. Climate change and human activities can influence the spread and incidence of arboviral diseases by altering vector habitats and human-animal interactions.

Diagnosis of arboviral infections usually involves serological tests to detect antibodies produced by the host's immune system in response to the virus, or molecular tests to detect viral genetic material. Treatment is often supportive, focusing on managing symptoms, as there are few specific antiviral medications for most arboviral diseases. Prevention strategies are primarily aimed at controlling arthropod vectors and avoiding bites through measures such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating breeding sites for mosquitoes.