arbour

An arbour, or arbour in British spelling, is a garden structure that creates a sheltered, shaded space. It typically consists of a framework of posts and lattice or trellis forming a passage or seating area, often covered by climbing plants such as roses or wisteria. The intention is to provide a private or tranquil retreat within a garden, as well as a focal point or entry.

Arbours range from simple arched gateways to freestanding little pavilions. They are usually made of wood, though metal or synthetic materials are also used. The defining feature is the plant-covered or latticed enclosure that offers shade while remaining open to light and air. Some designs are intimate and low, while others resemble small gazebos; in practice, the terms arbour, arbor, pergola, and bower can overlap in common usage.

Etymology and usage: The word derives from Old French arbour, from Latin arbor meaning tree. In British English, arbour is standard; in American English, arbor is common, though both may describe the same garden structure. Arbours appear in traditional English gardens and continue in modern residential and public landscapes as decorative features that invite rest, provide vertical greenery, and frame views.