apoferritin

Apoferritin is a protein that is produced by the body as a response to inflammation or infection. It is a precursor to ferritin, a protein that stores iron. Apoferritin is synthesized in the liver and is released into the bloodstream, where it can be taken up by various cells, including macrophages and hepatocytes. Once inside the cells, apoferritin is converted into ferritin, which can then bind and store iron.

Apoferritin is a homodimer, consisting of two identical subunits. Each subunit has a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa and is composed of 183 amino acids. The structure of apoferritin is similar to that of ferritin, with a central cavity that can bind up to 4,500 atoms of iron. However, unlike ferritin, apoferritin does not have the ability to bind and store iron.

Apoferritin has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In animal models, apoferritin has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumors and reduce inflammation. Additionally, apoferritin has been shown to have a protective effect against oxidative stress and has been used to treat iron overload disorders.

Apoferritin is also a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of certain diseases. Elevated levels of apoferritin have been associated with inflammation, infection, and cancer. Therefore, measuring apoferritin levels in the blood can provide valuable information about a patient's health status.