aphthitalis

Aphthitalis is a term used in veterinary medicine, primarily in horses, to describe a painful inflammation of the oral mucosa, specifically the gums and sometimes the tongue and lips. This condition manifests as ulcerations and erosions on the soft tissues within the mouth, leading to significant discomfort for the animal. Affected horses often exhibit reluctance to eat, drooling, and difficulty chewing due to the pain.

The exact cause of aphthitalis can be varied. It is often associated with mechanical irritation from foreign objects lodged in the mouth, such as sharp feed particles, pieces of wood, or even poorly fitting dental equipment. Traumatic injuries from accidents or rough handling can also lead to the development of these oral lesions. Certain viral or bacterial infections can predispose horses to developing aphthitalis, as can allergic reactions to specific foods or medications. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly those involving B vitamins, have also been implicated in some cases.

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination of the horse's oral cavity. Veterinarians will look for the characteristic ulcerations and assess the extent of the inflammation. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing the pain. This may involve removing any foreign objects, administering pain relief medication, and in cases of infection, employing appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Supportive care, such as providing soft, easily digestible feed, is crucial to ensure the horse maintains adequate nutrition during recovery.