antiphoszfolipidszindróma

Antiphospholipid syndrome, often abbreviated as APS, is a disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood. These antibodies are directed against certain proteins that are bound to phospholipids, which are essential components of cell membranes. The presence of these antibodies can lead to an increased risk of developing blood clots, both in veins and arteries, and can also cause pregnancy complications such as recurrent miscarriages.

The exact cause of APS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a complex interaction between genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and the immune system. In some cases, APS can occur as a primary condition, meaning it is not associated with any other underlying autoimmune disease. However, it can also be secondary to other autoimmune conditions, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Diagnosis of APS relies on a combination of clinical criteria and laboratory findings. Clinically, it requires at least one episode of a blood clot or specific pregnancy complications. Laboratory diagnosis involves the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies, including lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies, in the blood on at least two occasions separated by at least 12 weeks.

Treatment for APS primarily focuses on preventing blood clots. Anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants, are commonly prescribed. For pregnant individuals with APS, low-dose aspirin and heparin are often used to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications. Long-term management involves regular monitoring and adherence to prescribed therapies.