antigénkoncentráció

Antigénkoncentráció refers to the amount of a specific antigen present in a given sample, typically a biological fluid such as blood, serum, or urine. This concentration is a critical parameter in various diagnostic and research applications, particularly in immunology and infectious disease detection. Measuring antigen concentration allows for the identification and quantification of substances that can elicit an immune response, such as viral or bacterial proteins, or components of foreign tissues.

The determination of antigénkoncentráció is usually performed using highly sensitive and specific immunoassay techniques. These methods rely on the principle of antigen-antibody binding. Common techniques include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), radioimmunoassays (RIAs), and lateral flow assays. These assays often employ antibodies that are labeled with a detectable marker, such as an enzyme or a fluorescent molecule, allowing for the indirect measurement of the antigen's presence and quantity.

Elevated or decreased antigénkoncentráció can indicate the presence of an infection, the progression of a disease, or the effectiveness of a treatment. For example, in viral infections, the concentration of viral antigens can rise during the acute phase of illness. Similarly, in certain cancers, specific tumor antigens may be found at higher concentrations in the blood. Accurate measurement of antigénkoncentráció is therefore essential for diagnosis, monitoring disease status, and evaluating therapeutic interventions.