anorganisk

In chemistry, the term "anorganisk" (Danish/Norwegian for "inorganic") refers to compounds that are not classified as organic. Organic compounds are primarily composed of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or other nonmetals, often forming complex structures like hydrocarbons, alcohols, and acids. In contrast, inorganic compounds encompass all other substances, including metals, minerals, and compounds without significant carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Inorganic chemistry studies the properties, composition, and reactions of these substances. It covers a broad range of materials, such as ionic compounds (e.g., salts like sodium chloride), metals (e.g., iron, copper), and nonmetals (e.g., oxygen, sulfur). Many inorganic compounds play critical roles in industrial processes, environmental systems, and biological functions. For example, silicon dioxide (quartz) is essential in electronics, while calcium phosphate is a key component of bones and teeth.

The distinction between organic and inorganic chemistry is not always absolute. Some compounds, like carbonates and cyanides, contain carbon but are classified as inorganic due to their bonding and behavior. Additionally, organometallic compounds, which include metal-carbon bonds, bridge the gap between the two fields. Research in inorganic chemistry continues to drive advancements in materials science, energy storage, and catalysis, contributing to technological and medical innovations.