anointed

Anointed is an adjective and verb form referring to the act of applying oil or another sacred substance to a person or object as a sign of consecration, blessing, or divine selection. In religious and historical contexts, to anoint often signifies setting apart for a specific sacred purpose or office.

Etymology and meaning: The term derives from Latin unguere “to anoint,” from unguentum. In biblical languages, the practice involved oil and carried the sense of divine approval. The Hebrew mashach means to smear with oil, and the noun form mashiach, “anointed,” gave rise to the titles Messiah and Christos in Greek and Latin, all meaning “the Anointed One.”

Judaism: Anointing signified consecration for kings, priests, and prophets. Notable examples include the anointing of Saul and David as kings and the use of oil in temple rites. The practice underscored divine selection and empowerment for leadership or service.

Christianity: The term carries both historical and theological weight. Jesus is identified as the Christ, “the Anointed One.” In many Christian traditions, anointing remains a liturgical act: ordination of clergy with chrism, anointing of the sick, and the anointing of believers in certain rites. In Catholic and Orthodox practice, chrism (holy oil) is used in sacraments and rites to symbolize sanctification and mission.

Islam: The concept of a divinely anointed ruler or prophet does not play a central role in Islamic doctrine. While oil may be used in personal care or certain ceremonial contexts, there is no equivalent rite of anointing as a designation of sacred office.

Modern usage: Beyond religious ritual, “anointed” can describe someone believed to be specially chosen or blessed for a task or role. In secular contexts, the term is often metaphorical, not literal.