angiografi

Angiografi is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the circulatory system. It generally involves injecting a radiopaque contrast material into the bloodstream and using imaging methods such as X-ray fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to produce detailed pictures of the vascular structures. The modality helps identify blockages, narrowing (stenosis), aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, dissections, and other vascular abnormalities.

There are invasive and non-invasive forms. Invasive catheter angiography requires insertion of a catheter into an artery or vein, usually in the groin or wrist, with contrast injected directly into the vessel. Non-invasive alternatives include CT angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), which image vessels without catheter access. Invasive angiography remains a reference standard for precise lumen visualization and often allows simultaneous endovascular treatment, such as angioplasty, stent placement, or embolization.

The procedure typically begins with vascular access, local anesthesia, and catheter navigation under imaging guidance. Contrast material is injected while serial images are acquired to outline the vessels of interest. Aftercare includes monitoring at the access site for bleeding and assessing for signs of vascular or organ complications. Potential risks are allergic or adverse reactions to contrast, kidney injury in susceptible individuals, radiation exposure, and vascular or nerve injury at the access site.

Common indications include evaluation of coronary arteries for chest pain, assessment of cerebral vessels for stroke risk or aneurysm, and mapping of peripheral arteries in limb ischemia. CTA and MRA are often chosen when non-invasive imaging is preferred or when radiation exposure and contrast volume should be minimized.