angetrieben

Angetrieben is the past participle of the German verb antreiben, meaning to drive forward, propel, or spur. As an adjective or participle it describes something that is powered or motivated by an external factor. The form is commonly used in passive constructions or as a modifier, often with a prepositional phrase such as durch or von to indicate the cause or agent.

In usage, angestrieben describes both physical propulsion and metaphorical motivation. Examples include: Die Produktion ist durch steigende Nachfrage angetrieben. (The production is driven by rising demand.) Der Motor wird von einem Diesel angetrieben. (The engine is powered by a diesel.) Eine vom Diesel angetriebene Maschine. (A machine powered by diesel.) In a metaphorical sense, man spricht von einer Branche, die von der Konkurrenz angetrieben wird. (a sector driven by competition.)

Etymology and forms: Angetrieben is formed from the prefix an- plus treiben, the root meaning to drive or propel. The related noun Antrieb denotes drive or propulsion, a key technical term in engineering and mechanics. The participle can be inflected as an attributive adjective (angetriebene Maschine, vom Diesel angetriebener Motor) or used in compound phrases with durch or von to indicate cause or agency.

Translations and nuance: In English, angetrieben is usually rendered as driven, propelled, or powered, depending on context; in metaphorical use, it can also mean motivated or energized. The term is common in technical writing on mechanics, engineering, and economics, as well as in journalistic prose describing dynamics of markets or technologies.