amyloidikertymiä

Amyloid deposits, also known as amyloidosis, refer to the abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins called amyloids in various tissues and organs. These amyloid proteins, which can originate from different precursor proteins, aggregate into insoluble fibrils that deposit extracellularly. This deposition disrupts normal tissue structure and function, leading to a range of clinical manifestations depending on the affected organ.

The exact mechanisms that trigger amyloid formation are complex and not fully understood. However, it is generally believed that an imbalance between amyloid precursor protein production and clearance, along with factors promoting protein misfolding and aggregation, contributes to the process. Genetic mutations can predispose individuals to certain types of amyloidosis by altering the structure of precursor proteins, making them more prone to misfolding.

Amyloidosis can be classified into several types, broadly categorized as primary (AL amyloidosis), secondary (AA amyloidosis), hereditary, and organ-specific forms like Alzheimer's disease, which involves amyloid-beta deposits in the brain, and dialysis-related amyloidosis. Symptoms vary widely and can include organ dysfunction such as kidney failure, heart problems, nerve damage, and gastrointestinal issues. Diagnosis typically involves tissue biopsy to identify amyloid deposits and specific protein typing. Treatment strategies aim to manage the underlying cause, reduce amyloid production, and alleviate symptoms, though a cure is not always possible.