dialysisrelated

Dialysis-related refers to conditions, treatments, and care associated with dialysis for kidney failure. Dialysis is a medical treatment that substitutes some kidney functions: filtering waste products, balancing fluids and electrolytes, and maintaining acid-base balance when kidneys are unable to perform these tasks.

There are two primary modalities: hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). HD uses a machine to filter blood via an artificial semipermeable membrane and requires access such as an arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, or central venous catheter. PD uses the abdominal lining as a filter by infusing dialysate into the peritoneal cavity through a catheter; with exchanges this allows waste removal by diffusion and osmosis.

Treatment settings vary. Hemodialysis is commonly performed in dialysis centers several times a week, with options for home HD. Peritoneal dialysis is usually performed at home and can be done manually or with a cycler, daily. Some patients require dialysis temporarily for acute kidney injury, while others rely long-term for chronic kidney disease.

Common complications include low blood pressure during HD, infection at access sites, clotting, electrolyte disturbances, and peritonitis in PD. Adequate care includes infection prevention, monitoring of fluid intake, and regular medical follow-up.

Outcomes and impact: Dialysis supports life but does not cure kidney disease; management includes dietary restrictions, medication, and sometimes kidney transplantation. Research areas include improving biocompatible membranes, reducing social and economic burden, and enabling home-based or remote monitoring.