amphorology

Amphorology is the study of amphorae, which are ceramic vessels with two handles and a narrow neck, traditionally used in antiquity for the storage and transport of liquids such as wine, oil, and other commodities. This specialized field encompasses the analysis of the form, manufacturing techniques, distribution, and archaeological context of amphorae across various ancient cultures, including Greek, Roman, and Byzantine societies.

The study of amphorology provides insights into ancient trade routes, economic practices, and daily life. Through the examination of amphorae fragments and complete vessels, researchers can determine origin, dating, and usage patterns. Techniques such as stylistic analysis, petrographic examination, and residue analysis help identify manufacturing sources and contents, thereby illuminating trade networks and consumption habits.

Amphorology also involves the classification of different types of amphorae, which vary based on their shape, size, and decorative features. These classifications assist archaeologists in understanding chronological developments and regional variations. For example, the shape of the handle or the presence of certain markings can signify specific functions or cultural affiliations.

This discipline is integral to maritime archaeology, as amphorae are commonly recovered from shipwreck sites, offering clues about ancient maritime activity and commerce. Additionally, amphorology contributes to the broader fields of ceramic study and ancient technology by documenting technological advancements in ancient pottery-making techniques.

Overall, amphorology combines archaeological, chemical, and historical methods to deepen understanding of ancient economies and cross-cultural interactions through the lens of ceramic vessel analysis.