ammooniumnitraati

Ammonium nitrate (chemical formula NH₄NO₃) is a highly soluble ionic salt of ammonia and nitric acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is commonly used as a fertilizer in agriculture due to its high nitrogen content, which promotes plant growth. Ammonium nitrate provides both nitrate and ammonium ions, making it a balanced nitrogen source for crops.

In addition to its agricultural applications, ammonium nitrate is also used in the manufacturing of explosives, including dynamite and certain types of fertilizers used in mining. Its high oxygen content allows it to decompose rapidly when subjected to heat or shock, releasing large amounts of gas and heat. This property makes it a key ingredient in controlled blasting and demolition operations.

The compound is produced industrially through the reaction of ammonia (NH₃) and nitric acid (HNO₃). It is available in various forms, including prills (small spherical pellets), granules, and powder. Due to its high nitrogen content (around 33.5% by weight), it is one of the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizers available.

Ammonium nitrate must be handled with care, as it can be hazardous if mishandled. It is classified as an oxidizer, meaning it can accelerate the combustion of other materials. Proper storage, away from organic materials and ignition sources, is essential to prevent accidental fires or explosions. In some regions, its use in explosives has led to strict regulations and monitoring to prevent misuse.

Environmental concerns also surround ammonium nitrate, particularly regarding water pollution and soil acidification when overapplied as a fertilizer. Proper agricultural practices, such as soil testing and precise application rates, help mitigate these risks.