amiloridi

Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts by inhibiting epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the collecting ducts of the kidney. By reducing sodium reabsorption in this segment, it decreases potassium secretion, helping to conserve potassium while promoting diuresis.

In some languages, including Italian, amiloride is referred to by the plural form amiloridi. The drug is typically administered orally and is used alone or in combination with other diuretics to balance fluid removal with electrolyte management.

Medical uses include treatment of hypertension and edema associated with heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome. It is commonly paired with a thiazide or loop diuretic to prevent potassium loss caused by those agents. Amiloride is also employed in certain cases of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, particularly lithium-induced, because it reduces lithium entry into collecting duct cells via ENaC.

Pharmacokinetics and monitoring: Amiloride has a relatively rapid onset after oral dosing, with a half-life of roughly 6 to 9 hours and predominant renal excretion. Clinical use requires monitoring of electrolytes, especially potassium, and renal function.

Safety and interactions: The drug is contraindicated in significant renal impairment and in the presence of hyperkalemia. Concomitant use with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or potassium-sparing supplements heightens the risk of hyperkalemia. Common adverse effects include hyperkalemia, dizziness, nausea, and GI upset.

Branding and combinations: Notable brand names include Midamor, and it is also available in combination products with hydrochlorothiazide, such as Moduretic.