allergiataudin

An allergiatauti, commonly referred to as an allergic disease, is a condition in which the body's immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance called an allergen. This exaggerated immune response can manifest in a wide range of symptoms, varying in severity from mild discomfort to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Allergens can be encountered through inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or injection.

Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold spores, certain foods (such as peanuts, milk, and eggs), insect venom, and medications. The immune system mistakenly identifies these substances as dangerous invaders and produces antibodies, primarily immunoglobulin E (IgE). Upon subsequent exposure, IgE antibodies trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells and basophils, leading to inflammation and the characteristic symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Symptoms can affect various parts of the body. Respiratory allergies, like allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and asthma, involve sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Skin allergies, such as eczema and hives, present as itchy rashes, redness, and swelling. Food allergies can cause digestive issues, skin reactions, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis, a rapid and widespread allergic reaction that can impair breathing and cause a sudden drop in blood pressure. Allergic diseases are diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, skin prick tests, and blood tests. Management typically involves avoidance of the allergen, medications like antihistamines and corticosteroids, and in some cases, immunotherapy.