alanintranszamináz

Alanine aminotransferase, often abbreviated as ALT, is an enzyme found primarily in the liver. Its main function is to catalyze the transfer of an amino group from alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate, producing pyruvate and glutamate. This reaction is a crucial part of amino acid metabolism.

ALT is also known as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). While present in various tissues, its highest concentration is in hepatocytes, the main functional cells of the liver. Because of this high concentration, ALT levels in the blood are a sensitive indicator of liver damage. When liver cells are injured or inflamed, they release ALT into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels.

Medical professionals frequently use ALT blood tests to screen for liver disease, monitor its progression, and assess the effectiveness of treatment. Conditions such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and drug-induced liver injury can all cause elevated ALT levels. However, ALT can also be elevated by other factors, including strenuous exercise, certain medications, and muscle damage, although liver-related causes are generally the most significant. Interpreting ALT levels always requires consideration of the patient's overall clinical picture and other laboratory results.