alahampaiston

Alahampaiston refers to the lower jaw, also known as the mandible. It is the largest and strongest bone in the human skull and is the only movable bone of the skull. The mandible forms the lower part of the facial structure and is essential for chewing, speaking, and facial expression. It consists of a horizontal U-shaped body and two vertical rami. The body contains the lower teeth, while the rami articulate with the temporal bones of the skull at the temporomandibular joints (TMJ).

The mandible develops from the first pharyngeal arch during embryonic development. It is composed of spongy bone and compact bone and is covered by a periosteum. The muscles of mastication, such as the masseter and temporalis, attach to the mandible, enabling its movement. Various nerves, including the inferior alveolar nerve, also pass through the mandible, providing sensation to the lower teeth and jaw. Fractures of the mandible can occur due to trauma and can affect speech, eating, and breathing. Common causes include falls, sports injuries, and assaults. Treatment for mandibular fractures typically involves surgical fixation to realign the bone and allow for proper healing.