aktualnym

Aktualnym is the masculine or neuter instrumental singular form of the Polish adjective aktualny, meaning current, up-to-date, or relevant. The base forms are aktualny (masc. sing.), aktualna (fem.), aktualne (neut.). The word is used to describe things that exist or apply in the present time, such as information, states, or issues that are not outdated. For example: aktualne informacje (up-to-date information), w aktualnym stanie prawnym (in the current legal state).

The instrumental form aktualnym appears when the adjective modifies a masculine or neuter noun in the instrumental case, e.g., to be described as aktualnym problemem (this is a current problem) or to refer to a condition in the instrumental frame. Feminine nouns use aktualną in instrumental, e.g., aktualną informacją; plural instrumental is aktualnymi, as in aktualnymi informacjami.

Declension note: instrumental singular is aktualnym for masculine and neuter; feminine instrumental is aktualną; plural instrumental is aktualnymi. In practice, aktualnym is common in formal or written contexts where the present status or relevance is stressed.

Semantic and usage notes: aktualny is often contrasted with nieaktualny (not current) and with bieżący (current in the sense of happening now). Aktualny tends to emphasize relevance, validity, or accuracy at the present moment, especially for information, documents, or problems (aktualny problem, aktualny raport). It is widely used in journalism, law, administration, and academia, and coexists with synonyms such as bieżący and współczesny depending on nuance.

Etymology and related forms: from the noun aktualność (currentness) and related to aktualizować (to update) and aktualizacja (update), with cognates in other languages tracing back to Latin actualis.