aktúators

An actuator is a component of a machine responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is essentially the "muscles" of a machine, converting stored energy into mechanical motion. Actuators are distinct from sensors, which detect physical phenomena and transmit information. Actuators are commanded by a control system. Actuators are the fundamental components that enable automation and robotic systems to perform physical tasks.

There are several common types of actuators, categorized by the form of energy they utilize. Hydraulic actuators use pressurized liquid, typically oil, to generate force and motion. Pneumatic actuators employ compressed air, offering a cleaner and often faster operation than hydraulics but with generally lower force capabilities. Electric actuators are powered by electricity, converting electrical energy into mechanical motion through various means like motors, solenoids, or piezoelectric elements. Thermal actuators respond to changes in temperature, often utilizing materials that expand or contract.

The primary function of an actuator is to generate a specific type of motion, such as linear (straight line), rotary (circular), or oscillating. This motion is then used to perform work, such as opening a valve, moving a robotic arm, clamping a workpiece, or adjusting a setting. The selection of an actuator depends on factors like the required force, speed, precision, operating environment, and power source availability. Actuators are integral to a vast array of applications, from simple consumer electronics to complex industrial machinery and advanced aerospace systems.