airtransport

Air transport refers to the movement of people, goods, and mail by aircraft through the atmosphere. It encompasses scheduled passenger and cargo services, charter flights, and mail aeronautical operations, using airlines, airports, air traffic control, and regulatory oversight.

Passenger air transport dominates, using airliners of varying sizes. Air cargo uses freighters to transport freight and express parcels, often on dedicated freighters or mixed fleets. Passenger and cargo services are supported by ground handling, maintenance, and catering. Routes may be point-to-point or hub-and-spoke, facilitated by airports and air traffic control systems that manage sequencing and separation for safety.

Air transport operates within a regulated framework. International civil aviation organizations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) set safety and interoperability standards, while industry groups like the International Air Transport Association (IATA) coordinate schedules, pricing, and industry data. Governments regulate routes, fares, and security; airspace is allocated and managed by air traffic control authorities. Airports provide runways, terminals, and services.

It is a major driver of global connectivity and trade, enabling tourism, business, and rapid freight. Environmental concerns are addressed through efficiency improvements, noise management, and development of sustainable aviation fuels and electric or hybrid aircraft in research and early deployment.

Current challenges include volatility in fuel prices, capacity constraints, safety and security risks, and the need to reduce emissions. The sector is pursuing technological advances, including air traffic management modernization, lightweight materials, and alternative propulsion, to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact.