agroökosystems

Agroecosystems are defined as ecosystems that have been modified by humans for the purpose of agricultural production. They encompass not only the cultivated fields but also the surrounding natural and semi-natural habitats that interact with the agricultural landscape. This includes elements such as forests, wetlands, hedgerows, and the soil itself, as well as the organisms that inhabit them, from microbes and insects to birds and mammals. The functioning of an agroecosystem is influenced by both natural ecological processes and human management practices.

Key characteristics of agroecosystems include simplified biodiversity compared to natural ecosystems, a focus on specific crop or livestock species, and a reliance on external inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, and water. Human intervention plays a significant role in shaping the structure and function of agroecosystems, influencing nutrient cycling, water flow, pest dynamics, and energy transfer. Understanding agroecosystems is crucial for developing sustainable agricultural practices that can meet global food demands while minimizing environmental impact and conserving biodiversity. Research in this field often explores the trade-offs between productivity, environmental services, and economic viability.