africains

Africans are the people of Africa, a continent that is home to a wide range of cultures, languages, and identities. Africa is the second-largest continent by land area and population, with about 1.4 billion people across 55 recognized sovereign states and numerous subnational groups. The continent spans diverse environments from deserts to tropical rainforests, and from coastal regions to highlands. In French, the term africains is used similarly to refer to people from Africa.

Linguistically, Africa is highly diverse, with more than 2,000 languages. Language families include Afroasiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo and Khoisan. In many countries, multiple languages are spoken alongside official languages such as Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. Cultural practices vary widely, including music, art, cuisine, and traditional governance systems.

Historically, Africa hosted ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Kush, Axum, and the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Sub-Saharan Africa developed sophisticated trade networks across the Sahara and the Indian Ocean. From the late 19th century, many parts of Africa were colonized by European powers, leading to independence movements in the 1950s and 1960s and ongoing diversification of political systems.

In modern times, Africans contribute to global culture, science, and economy, while facing development challenges such as poverty, disease, conflict, and governance reforms. Africa's young population and rapid urbanization are shaping its future, alongside ongoing efforts to address health, education, infrastructure, and regional integration.