adszorpió

Adszorpió is a term used in Hungarian to describe the adsorption event, the attachment of a molecule, ion, or particle (adsorbate) to a surface (adsorbent). As a phenomenon, it encompasses both physical adsorption (physisorption) and chemical adsorption (chemisorption). In physisorption, binding arises from weak interactions such as van der Waals forces or electrostatic attraction; in chemisorption, stronger covalent or coordinate bonds may form and the adsorbate can undergo chemical modification at the surface.

The word is formed from ad- meaning toward and sorpció, with the -ió suffix used to denote a process. In formal chemistry, broader terms such as adszorpció or adszorpció are commonly used, while adszorpió appears in some Hungarian writings as a shorthand for the elementary adsorption step.

Adszorpió proceeds via transport of the adsorbate to the surface (film or pore diffusion), approach to active sites, and stabilization at the interface. The extent of adsorption is described by isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, BET). Kinetic models include pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics; the rate-limiting step can be external diffusion, pore diffusion, or surface reaction.

Materials and applications: common adsorbents include activated carbon, silica, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks; typical adsorbates include dyes, gases (e.g., CO2), and metal ions. Practical applications span water treatment, air purification, gas separation, catalysis, and sensors.

See also: Adsorption, Adsorbent, Adsorbate, Isotherm, Physisorption, Chemisorption, Langmuir, Freundlich, BET.