adenocytes

Adenocytes are glandular epithelial cells specialized for secretion. They form the secretory component of glandular tissue and are found in various exocrine glands, where they line the secretory units such as acini and ducts. The term is used to describe cells of glandular origin that produce and discharge substances into ducts or lumenal spaces.

Morphology and characteristics: Adenocytes are typically polygonal to columnar in shape, with a nucleus positioned basally. They often cluster to form acini or tubular secretory units. Depending on the gland, adenocytes may contain organelles associated with secretion, such as abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Serous adenocytes generally store enzyme-rich granules, while mucous adenocytes contain mucin-containing granules.

Function: The main role of adenocytes is the synthesis and secretion of glandular products. In exocrine glands, they contribute to digestive enzymes, mucus, or other fluids released through ducts. The exact secretory product varies by gland type and physiological context, ranging from digestive enzymes in the pancreas to mucus in certain salivary or gastric glands.

Distribution and examples: Adenocytes are present in many exocrine glands. Examples include mucous and serous cells in salivary glands and mucous-secreting cells in gastric glands. Their coordinated activity within the glandal architecture enables the production and controlled release of glandular secretions.

Clinical relevance: In pathology, tumors arising from glandular epithelium are described as adenocarcinomas or adenomas, reflecting glandular differentiation of adenocytes. Knowledge of adenocytes supports the understanding of gland structure and the histogenesis of gland-related diseases.

See also: secretory cell, glandular epithelium, adenoma, adenocarcinoma.