adapaleno

Adapalene is a synthetic topical retinoid used to treat acne vulgaris. It is considered a third‑generation retinoid and acts as a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptors, particularly RAR-β and RAR-γ, with less activity on RAR‑α. This receptor profile contributes to normalization of follicular keratinization and a reduction in inflammatory mediators, helping to prevent comedone formation and improve inflammatory lesions.

Adapalene is available in various topical formulations, most commonly as a gel or cream at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.3%. In some markets, the 0.1% gel is available over the counter, while higher concentrations and other formulations require a prescription. A combination product that includes adapalene with benzoyl peroxide (for example, adapalene 0.1% with benzoyl peroxide 2.5%) is also marketed for acne management.

Administration and dosing typically involve applying a thin layer to affected areas once daily, usually at night after cleansing. Skin irritation can occur, especially at the start of therapy, so patients may be advised to begin with every other night or use a smaller amount and to moisturize as needed. Sunscreen should be used daily due to photosensitivity. Patients should avoid contact with eyes, lips, and mucous membranes, and be cautious when using other drying or irritating acne therapies concurrently.

Safety and contraindications include hypersensitivity to adapalene and use during pregnancy, which should be discussed with a clinician. Adapalene is generally well tolerated, but common adverse effects include local irritation, redness, dryness, and peeling at the application site. Systemic absorption is minimal.