acetilsalicílico

Ácido acetilsalicílico, commonly known as aspirin, is a medication used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. It is also used long-term, at low doses, to help prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots in people at high risk. It belongs to a class of drugs called salicylates.

The mechanism of action of aspirin involves the irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, which are signaling molecules that play a role in pain, fever, and inflammation. By blocking prostaglandin synthesis, aspirin reduces these symptoms. In addition, by inhibiting COX-1 in platelets, aspirin reduces the production of thromboxane A2, a substance that promotes platelet aggregation, thus exerting its antithrombotic effect.

Aspirin was first synthesized in 1853 and became widely available as a medication in 1899. It is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available over-the-counter and by prescription in many countries. Common side effects include stomach upset, heartburn, and an increased risk of bleeding. It should be used with caution in individuals with asthma, kidney disease, or a history of stomach ulcers. Aspirin is generally not recommended for children and teenagers due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.