absorptiespektroscopie

Absorptiespektroscopie is a analytical technique used to measure the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a sample. When electromagnetic radiation passes through a sample, certain wavelengths are absorbed by the atoms or molecules within the sample. The amount of radiation absorbed at each wavelength is characteristic of the specific substance being analyzed.

The fundamental principle behind absorptiespektroscopie is the Beer-Lambert law, which states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing species and the path length of the light through the solution. This relationship allows for quantitative analysis, meaning the concentration of a substance can be determined by measuring its absorbance at a specific wavelength.

Absorptiespektroscopie can be applied across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, including ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and infrared (IR) regions. UV-Vis spektroscopie is commonly used to analyze compounds that absorb UV or visible light, such as organic molecules and transition metal complexes. IR spektroscopie, on the other hand, is useful for identifying functional groups within molecules based on their characteristic vibrational frequencies.

The technique involves a light source, a monochromator to select specific wavelengths, a sample holder, and a detector to measure the intensity of the transmitted radiation. By comparing the intensity of the incident radiation with the intensity of the transmitted radiation, the absorbance can be calculated. This absorbance data is then plotted against wavelength to generate an absorptiespektra, which serves as a unique fingerprint for the analyzed substance.

Absorptiespektroscopie is a versatile tool with numerous applications in various fields, including chemistry, biology, environmental science, and materials science. It is used for qualitative identification of substances, quantitative determination of concentrations, and studying molecular structure and bonding.