abrasiivsete

Abrasiiviset, or abrasives, are materials that wear away another material through friction. They are used to remove stock, shape surfaces, deburr, and finish finishes by controlled abrasion. Abrasives come in many forms, including bonded wheels, coated abrasives such as sandpaper, and non-woven pads. They may be natural or synthetic, and are selected according to the workpiece material, desired finish, and productivity requirements.

Common abrasive materials include conventional hard grains such as aluminum oxide and silicon carbide, and superabrasives such as synthetic diamond and cubic boron nitride. Natural abrasives historically included emery and corundum. The grains are bound in a matrix (bonded abrasives) or applied to a surface via a coating (coated abrasives); non-woven products use fiber or web matrices. Abrasives are manufactured in various grain shapes and hardness to suit different tasks, from cutting and grinding to polishing.

Grit size indicates the average particle size; coarser grits remove more material but leave rougher finishes, while finer grits produce smoother surfaces. Bond materials can be vitrified, resin, or shellac, affecting durability and heat management during grinding. Form factors include grinding wheels, cutting discs, sanding belts, and abrasive discs, as well as non-woven abrasives for softer finishing.

Abrasives are used in metalworking, woodworking, stone, glass, and automotive industries for cutting, grinding, finishing, and polishing. Proper selection helps prevent wheel breakage and kickback. Safety is essential: dust from grinding can contain crystalline silica; use appropriate ventilation or extraction, dust control, and personal protective equipment, and follow machine guidelines and applicable standards.