Zündungstiming

Zündungstiming refers to the precise moment an internal combustion engine's spark plug fires in relation to the piston's position. This timing is critical for optimal engine performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions control. The ideal timing ensures that combustion begins at the most advantageous point in the compression stroke, allowing the expanding gases to push the piston down with maximum force.

In gasoline engines, the spark typically occurs shortly before the piston reaches top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke. This is known as ignition advance. The exact amount of advance varies depending on engine speed, load, and temperature. At higher RPMs, more advance is usually needed because the spark has less time to propagate and ignite the fuel-air mixture before the piston begins its downward stroke. Conversely, at lower RPMs or under heavy load, less advance or even retard might be necessary to prevent engine knocking or detonation, which can damage the engine.

Modern vehicles utilize electronic control units (ECUs) to dynamically adjust ignition timing based on a multitude of sensor inputs. Older engines relied on mechanical systems like vacuum advance and centrifugal advance mechanisms to modify timing. Incorrect ignition timing can lead to poor performance, increased fuel consumption, rough running, and potentially severe engine damage.