Zwanymi

Zwanymi is the instrumental plural form of the Polish past passive participle zwany, which means “called” or “named.” In Polish grammar, zwany functions as an adjective-like participle that agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. The instrumental plural ending -ymi marks the form for a group in the instrumental case, typically used when the described noun is in that syntactic role.

The primary use of zwanymi is to designate people, groups, or objects by the epithet or name by which they are known. It appears in descriptive, historical, or administrative texts where speakers or writers want to specify the designation applied to someone or something. For example, in sentences describing how a person or group is identified within a given context, zwanymi serves as the linking element between the noun and its appellation.

In practice, zwanymi is most commonly encountered in formal or literary writing, where precise appellation and designation are important. It is one of several inflected forms of zwany, which reflect the broader Polish system of participles that blend characteristics of verbs and adjectives. Understanding zwanymi helps in parsing sentences that introduce or reference named entities in a way that emphasizes nomenclature or epithet.

See also: Polish grammar, participles, instrumental case, past passive participles.