appellation

Appellation is a term that refers to the name or designation given to a person, place, thing, or concept. It can denote the act of naming as well as the actual designation itself. The word derives from the Latin appellatio, through Old French, meaning “calling by name” or “a name given.” In general usage, an appellation may be a formal title, a nickname, or a geographic or product name used to identify origin or affiliation.

In linguistic and cultural contexts, an appellation can be a formal label assigned to a referent. It is often distinguished from everyday common nouns by its status as a recognized or official name. The term is sometimes employed to emphasize the identity conveyed by a specific name, rather than a description of the thing itself.

In regulatory and commercial contexts, appellations frequently concern geographic indications or protected designations of origin. The best-known examples arise in the wine and food industries, where appellations such as Appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC) or protected designation of origin (PDO) denote a defined geographic region and standards for production. Similar systems exist internationally to protect origin claims and convey information about quality or characteristics associated with a place.

Beyond products, appellations can refer to geographic names, institutional titles, or ceremonial designations. The concept highlights the link between a name and its source, often shaping perceptions of legitimacy, authenticity, and heritage.