Zvikanganiso

Zvikanganiso is a Shona noun meaning mistakes or errors. It is derived from the verb kanganisa, to err or to wrong, and is used to refer to incorrect actions, calculations, interpretations, or processes. The term is common in education, administration, and everyday speech as a label for faults that require correction or review.

In education, teachers often highlight zvikanganiso in students’ work as a basis for feedback and improvement. In professional and administrative contexts, organizations review procedures and records to minimize zvikanganiso that could affect outcomes or accountability. In technology and data work, the word describes incorrect results, bugs, or flawed analyses. For example, one might say, “Ndakaita zvikanganiso pakupindura mubvunzo” (I made mistakes in answering the question) or “Zvikanganiso izvi zvinoda kugadziriswa” (These mistakes need to be corrected).

Common types of zvikanganiso include arithmetic or calculation errors, misreadings or misinterpretations, factual inaccuracies, and procedural faults. Identifying why a zvikanganiso occurred helps prevent recurrence and improves accuracy and reliability.

Correction and learning are often linked: individuals revise their work, re-check results, and implement safeguards or quality-control measures. In educational and professional settings, deliberate practice and peer review are common strategies to reduce zvikanganiso over time.

See also: kukanganisa, kanganiso.